Hearken, O Mādhava, what more can I say?
Nought can I find to compare with love:

Though the sun of the East should rise in the West,
Yet would not love be far from the worthy,

Or if I should write the stars of heaven on earth,
Or if I could pour from my hands the water of all the sea.

-- Vidyapati

I feel my body vanishing into the dust whereon my beloved walks.

I feel one with the water of the lake where he bathes.

Oh friend, my love crosses death's boundary when I meet him.

My heart melts in the light and merges in the mirror whereby he views his
face.

I move with the air to kiss him when he waves his fan, and wherever he
wanders I enclose him like the sky.

Govindadas says, “You are the gold-setting, fair maiden, he is the
emerald”

Among the hills, when you sit in the cool shade of the white poplars, sharing the peace and serenity of distant fields and meadows – then let your heart say in silence, “God rests in reason.”
And when the storm comes, and the mighty wind shakes the forest, and thunder and lightning proclaim the majesty of the sky, – then let your heart say in awe, “God moves in passion.”
And since you are a breath in God’s sphere, and a leaf in God’s forest, you too should rest in reason and move in passion
.

-- Kahlil Gibran, The Prophet

Open your eyes ...

Open your eyes ...

Mirror-pond of stars …

Suddenly a summer

shower

Dimples the water.

-- Sesshi

He who has been instructed thus far in the things of love, and who has learned to see the beautiful in due order and succession, when he comes toward the end will suddenly perceive a nature of wondrous beauty(and this, Socrates, is the final cause of all our former toils)—a nature which in the first place is everlasting, not growing and decaying, or waxing and waning; secondly, not fair in one point of view and foul in another, or at one time or in one relation or at one place fair, at another time or in another relation or at another place foul, as if fair to some and foul to others, or in the likeness of a face or hands or any other part of the bodily frame, or in any form of speech or knowledge, or existing in any other being, as for example, in an animal, or in heaven, or in earth, or in any other place; but beauty absolute, separate, simple, and everlasting, which without diminution and without increase, or any change, is imparted to the ever-growing and perishing beauties of all other things. He who from these ascending under the influence of true love, begins to perceive that beauty, is not far from the end. And the true order of going, or being led by another, to the things of love, is to begin from the beauties of earth and mount upwards for the sake of that other beauty, using these as steps only, and from one going on to two, and from two to all fair forms, and from fair forms to fair practices, and from fair practices to fair notions, until from fair notions he arrives at the notion of absolute beauty, and at last knows what the essence of beauty is.

“This, my dear Socrates”, said the stranger of Mantineia, “is that life above all others which man should live, in the contemplation of beauty absolute.... But what if man had eyes to see the true beauty—the divine beauty, I mean, pure and clear and unalloyed, not clogged with the pollutions of mortality and all the colours and vanities of human life—thither looking, and holding converse with the true beauty simple and divine? Remember how in that communion only, beholding beauty with the eye of the mind, he will be enabled to bring forth, not images of beauty, but realities (for he has hold not of an image but of a reality), and bringing forth and nourishing true virtue to become the friend of God and be immortal, if mortal man may.Would that be an ignoble life?”

-- Plato, Symposium

Monday, September 5, 2022

Did Buddhism originally reject the Caste-System?

 ... Bodhisattva is not born into an inferior family (hīna-kula), like a family of caṇḍālas, flute makers (veu-kāra), cartwrights (ratha-kāra), or servants (pukasa)Bodhisattva is only born into one of two families—a Brāhmaa family or a Katriya familyWhen the Brāhmaa families are dominant in the world, the Bodhisattva is born into a Brāhmaa familyWhen the Katriya families are dominant in the world, the Bodhisattva is born into a Katriya family.  Thus, monks, at this time the Katriya families were dominant in the world, so Bodhisattvas were born into such families.”    

 

This is written in the 3rd Chapter of the brilliant & beautiful Buddhist text, Lalita-Vistāra.

The hatred for “Brahmins” runs so deep, that it is the fundamental cause of all distortions & misrepresentations & frauds perpetrated about India.

Trust me, the problem is not “Indians” or “Hindus” per se – it is the “Brahmins”.

They are the thorn in everyone’s flesh.

The prejudice against them is so enormous that it has led to a considerable misrepresentation of Buddhism too.

If you go through the history of Buddhism, all of the greatest & most important Buddhist philosophers were either Brāhmaas or Katriyas, or both, but this fact is strenusously hidden or glossed over, in modern times.

I have my doubts about so-called Buddhist opposition to the caste-system, and the claims about its alleged egalitarianism.

I do not think Buddhism was “initially” anti-Brahmanical, and “later” became “syncretic”: if anything, the exact opposite.

The Buddhist denouncement of “Brahmins” is the later phenomenon – but I am no official, formally-trained scholar to “prove” it – {though I may just make a substantial case, over a period of time} – and I don’t think the facts of the case have ever been made known to the public.


This is another passage, from the same text, the Lalita-Vistāra:

The Brāhmaas’ mantras and the treatises of the Veda(veda śāstra) mention the proper form for a Bodhisattva to take when descending into the womb of his mother.

It should be in the form of an excellent, great elephant with 6 tusks, covered with golden netting.

Its head should be very red & exceedingly handsome.

It should ooze fragrant fluids from its temples & have a glorious body.

Someone who is learned in the Vedas and scriptures of the Brāhmaa(brāhmaa-veda-śāstra-tattva-jña) will then recognize such features and use them to predict the arrival of a person endowed with the 32 marks of a great man.”    


That is, the Bodhisattva who goes on to become Gautama Buddha.

 

The first quoted passage clearly proves that there was no ill-feeling, no rebellion in the modern sense of the term, no outright rejection, of the caste-system.

 

The Buddhists very much recognized & accepted it: in this text, they positively uphold it.

 

The second passage shows that the Buddhists were not inimical to the Vedas, or the Shāstras.

 

How could Buddhism found itself on the authority of the brāhmaṇā-mantras & veda-śāstras, if it arose as a rebellion against the Brāhmaas & Vedas in the very first place?

 

The whole history of Buddhism seems to have been confused, probably in the last one millennium.

At what point did Buddhism actually “revolt” against the “Brahmins”?

I did not see it in the first 14 Cantos of the Lalita-Vistāra.

I did not see it in the Buddha-Carita.

I didn’t see it in the Rock Edicts of Ashoka.

Obviously, the philosophy of Buddha is very different from that of what could be called “mainstream” Brahmanical philosophy {if there ever was such a thing} – but there is no hatred for, no anger against, and no overt criticism of, Brāhmaas in any of these early texts.

Disagreement & dissent does not take the form of intense disrespect.

There are no insinuations & allegations made against Brāhmaas.

Buddha doesn’t accept the violent sacrifices – he doesn’t accept the extreme austerities practised by ascetics of his times – and he doesn’t accept the higher schools of philosophy.

But the “Brahmins” themselves are neither hated nor criticized.

So for instance, he rejects the Sānkhya philosophy.

What does this amount to?

Even the Vedantists reject Sānkhya.

Shankarāchārya also rejects Sānkhya.

It is one of the most prestigious schools of philosophy of Ancient India, but it is one of the 6 major schools, and, in the ultimate analysis, is NOT the representative Brahmanical or Indian-Hindu philosophy of life.

And while Buddha rejects Sānkhya as well as the rites & sacrifices involving violence to living creatures, Sānkhya itself rejects many such rites & sacrifices of those times, and this is amply articulated in the Mahābhārata.

A man could follow Sānkhya reject animal-sacrifice.

He could be reject Sānkhya follow animal-sacrifice.

Or he could reject both Sānkhya & animal-sacrifice.

The Mahābhārata repeatedly articulates the growing inner conflict amongst Indians of those times, and the mounting unease with animal-sacrifice, which has nothing to do with Buddhism, because they are mentioned nowhere in the text.

Basically, reality isn’t as easy & simplistic as it is made out to be, in contemporary propaganda.

The Brāhmaas apparently had several different & somewhat conflicting philosophies & practices – there was an astonishing freedom of thought in Ancient India – so they are never directly attacked in these Buddhist texts.

 

In the Lalita-Vistāra, it is the Brāhmaas who are consulted, when the King Shuddhodana wants to understand the meaning of Queen Māyā’s dream.

It is the Brāhmaawho tell the King & Queen that their son will either be a Chakravartin or a Buddha.

It is the Brāhmaawho have knowledge of who is a Bodhisattva, and how is he going to appear.

And the appearance of the Bodhisattva is based on the Veda-Śāstras!


After which we read (Chapter 6):

Bhikus, when King Śuddhodana heard that message from the Brāhmaawho understood how to analyze marks & signs & who knew the scriptures related to dreams 

(lakaanaimittikavaipañcakebhya svapnādhyāyīpāṭhakebhya pratiśrutya),

he was satisfied.

Impressed, delighted, & joyful, he felt blissful & happy.

He pleased the Brāhmaaby offering them delicious food & drink.

When they were all full, he entertained them & presented them with gifts before they departed    

At the same time, as an offering to the Bodhisattva, alms were distributed at the four gates of the city of Kapilavastu & at all its crossroads & junctions.

The king offered

·        food to those who were hungry, and

·        drink to those who were thirsty.

He offered

·        clothes to those who needed clothing,

·        carriages to those who required transportation,

·        perfumes to those who desired perfume,

·        garlands to those who wished for garlands,

·        oils to those who wanted ointments,

·        sheets to those who longed for bedding,

·        shelter to the homeless, and

·        necessities to those who yearned for provisions.”    

 

So much for the hatred of Bodhisattva-Buddhas for Brāhmaas, and so much for the absence of “pity” in pagan cultures! 

I will return to this subject in good time :)